How can you distinguish the jugular venous pulse (JVP) from the carotid arterial pulse?
| JVP | CAROTID | |
| Waveform | Double | Single |
| Positional change | Varies with position | No variation |
| Respiration | Descends with inspiration | No variation |
| Effect of palpation | Impulse non-palpable, pressure occludes pulse and vein refills from above | Impulse palpable and non-compressible |
| Abdominal pressure (hepatojugular reflux) | Elevates pulse | No change |
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