What are the abnormalities of the heart sounds?

FIRST HEART SOUND
Quiet	Cardiac tamponade (+ quiet S2)Long PR interval (1st degree heart block) Rheumatic mitral regurgitation
Loud	Mitral stenosis Short PR interval
SECOND HEART SOUND
Quiet	Cardiac tamponade (+ quiet S1) Calcific aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation
Loud	Systemic hypertension Pulmonary hypertension
Wide splitting	Right bundle branch block Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary hypertension Ventricular septal defect
Fixed splitting	Atrial septal defect
Reverse splitting	Aortic stenosis Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Left bundle branch block
THIRD HEART SOUND	Physiological (young adults, pregnancy, fever) Left ventricular failure Mitral regurgitation
FOURTH HEART SOUND	Left ventricular failure Aortic stenosis Hypertension

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